Home / In-depth info / Crankcase Heater why it protects compressors

Crankcase Heater why it protects compressors

What is a crankcase heater, operation and features of a compressor heater

The crankcase heating belt—better known as a crankcase heater or scroll compressor heater—is an electrical element that keeps the compressor above the refrigerant’s saturation temperature, preventing refrigerant from migrating and diluting the oil during off cycles. At start-up, non-diluted oil lowers friction, protecting bearings and moving parts with tangible benefits in reliability and operating costs. In heat pumps and chillers exposed to low ambient temperatures, the crankcase heater is often decisive because it limits liquid slugging, hard restarts, and mechanical stress typical of cold cycles. For this reason, it is a cornerstone of HVAC compressor protection, especially in systems operating in harsh climates or facing extended stand-by periods.

How it works and why it’s essential for Heat Pumps and Chillers

The principle is straightforward: keep the carter of the compressor a few degrees above ambient temperature and, crucially, above the refrigerant saturation temperature, so condensation in the lubricant cannot occur. In air-to-air and air-to-water systems, migration during standstill is favoured by cold spots in the circuit; therefore, energizing the compressor crankcase heater during off cycles—and in advance before restart—reduces the risk of internal condensation, prevents liquid carry-over damage, and improves start-up regularity.

 

Selection parameters

Choosing the right crankcase heater for your compressor starts from the crankcase geometry (diameter/circumference), oil volume, and refrigerant type, since saturation pressure sets the thermal threshold to maintain. Heater power is sized according to losses (convection/radiation), the actual contact surface, and any compressor insulation; small crankcases typically start at a few tens of watts, scaling with volume and exposure to cold. Contact quality is critical: a belt with a screw-type traction latch provides uniform clamping, stable contact, and efficient heat transfer, simplifying installation and maintenance.

For installation, position the heater on the lower area of the crankcase (where refrigerant tends to accumulate), check IP rating/insulation, cable routing, and operating current. In cold climates, supply the heater sufficiently in advance of restart to stabilize oil viscosity.

Need to contact our technical department?

Crankcase heater element features

A high-quality crankcase heater is engineered to ensure uniform heat distribution. Its construction uses insulating materials with high dielectric strength and components designed to withstand repeated thermal cycles and vibration—preserving adhesion and the intended thermal profile over time. The goal is to provide the correct heat transfer, achieve the power required to maintain the ΔT target, and, above all, prevent refrigerant migration into the lubricant during standstill, a condition that triggers dilution and loss of lubricating properties at start-up.

Build quality also shows in installation repeatability and in maintaining performance under demanding conditions: continuous, stable contact around the crankcase circumference minimizes local thermal swings and related mechanical stress, enabling smoother starts and reducing failures associated with liquid slugging. In HVAC applications such as heat pumps and chillers, where on-off cycles can be frequent, these features are crucial for effective compressor protection and better operational continuity across the entire system.

Checks and maintenance

To get the most from a crankcase heater, keep things simple: ensure it’s energized during unit standstill, periodically check adhesion to the crankcase and cable integrity, and monitor current draw over time. Add basic supervision if possible, to confirm the crankcase heater compressor operates when needed.

Plan two checks per year—one before the cold season and one at the end. For long standstill periods, schedule early energizing before restart. Report any malfunctions and connect the analysis to the state of the heater: HVAC compressor protection often depends on these early signals.

Keep a brief service log: it helps prevent unexpected downtime and extends system lifetime, supporting overall HVAC compressor protection.